Dietary patterns and gastric cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis
A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature (16 études), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre divers régimes alimentaires, certains riches en fruits et légumes, d'autres riches en viandes et en graisses, et le risque de cancer de l'estomac
Background Declines in gastric cancer (GC) incidence and mortality have been related to improvements in diet. It is therefore important to consider dietary patterns. Design We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature through Medline and Embase databases. Results We identified 16 papers, of these 9 derived dietary patterns through an a posteriori method, 5 through a priori scores, and 2 used both approaches. Eight studies that used the a posteriori approach were considered for the meta-analysis. A favorable role on GC emerged for the ‘Prudent/healthy’, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.75 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63–0.90], for the highest versus the lowest category. Similar results emerged for separate anatomical subtypes. An unfavorable role on GC emerged for the ‘Western/unhealthy’ dietary pattern, with an OR of 1.51 (95% CI: 1.21–1.89). This association was weaker for the distal/NOS (not otherwise specified) category (OR = 1.36) compared with the cardia GC (OR = 2.05). Among the a priori scores, the ORs ranged from 0.2 to 0.7 for the favorable and from 1.8 to 6.9 for the unfavorable ones. Conclusion There is a 2-fold difference in GC risk between a ‘Prudent/healthy’ diet-rich in fruits and vegetables, and a ‘Western/unhealthy’ diet-rich in starchy foods, meat and fats.