COX-1 (PTGS1) and COX-2 (PTGS2) polymorphisms, NSAID interactions, and risk of colon and rectal cancers in two independent populations
Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir des données du registre familial du cancer du côlon (incluant 1 464 cas et 2 374 témoins) et des données de l'étude" Diet, Activity and Lifestyle Study" (incluant 2 053 cas et 2 612 témoins), cette étude analyse les interactions entre des polymorphismes des gènes COX-1 et COX-2, l'utilisation de médicaments anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens et le risque de cancer du côlon et du rectum
Purpose : Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) target the prostaglandin H synthase enzymes, cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2, and reduce colorectal cancer risk. Genetic variation in the genes encoding these enzymes may be associated with changes in colon and rectal cancer risk and in NSAID efficacy. Methods : We genotyped candidate polymorphisms and tag SNPs in PTGS1 (COX-1) and PTGS2 (COX-2) in a population-based case–control study (Diet, Activity and Lifestyle Study, DALS) of colon cancer (n = 1,470 cases/1,837 controls) and rectal cancer (n = 583/775), and independently among cases and controls from the Colon Cancer Family Registry (CCFR; colon n = 959/1,535, rectal n = 505/839). Results : In PTGS2, a functional polymorphism (−765G>C; rs20417) was associated with a twofold increased rectal cancer risk (p = 0.05) in the DALS. This association replicated with a significant nearly fivefold increased risk of rectal cancer in the CCFR study (ORCC vs. GG = 4.88; 95 % CI 1.54–15.45; ORGC vs. GG = 1.36; 95 %CI 0.95–1.94). Genotype–NSAID interactions were observed in the DALS for PTGS1 and rectal cancer risk and for PTGS2 and colon cancer risk, but were no longer significant after correcting for multiple comparisons and did not replicate in the CCFR. No significant associations between PTGS1 polymorphisms and colon or rectal cancer risk were observed. Conclusions : These findings suggest that polymorphisms in PTGS2 may be associated with rectal cancer risk and impact the protective effects of NSAIDs.