Adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en janvier 2014 (21 études de cohorte incluant au total 1 368 736 participants ; 12 études cas-témoins incluant au total 62 725 personnes), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre l'adhésion à un régime alimentaire de type méditerranéen et le risque de cancer par localisation
The aim of this research study was to meta-analyze the effects of adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) on overall cancer risk, and different cancer types. Literature search was performed using the electronic databases MEDLINE, SCOPUS and EMBASE until January 10, 2014. Inclusion criteria were cohort or case–control studies. Study specific risk ratios (RRs) were pooled using a random effect model by the Cochrane software package Review Manager 5.2. Twenty-one cohort studies including 1,368,736 subjects and 12 case–control studies with 62,725 subjects met the objectives and were enclosed for meta-analyses. The highest adherence to MD category resulted in a significantly risk reduction for overall cancer mortality/incidence (cohort; RR: 0.90, 95% CI 0.86–0.95, p < 0.0001; I2 = 55%), colorectal (cohort/case–control; RR: 0.86, 95% CI 0.80–0.93, p < 0.0001; I2 = 62%], prostate (cohort/case–control; RR: 0.96, 95% CI 0.92–0.99, p = 0.03; I2 = 0%) and aerodigestive cancer (cohort/case–control; RR: 0.44, 95% CI 0.26–0.77, p = 0.003; I2 = 83%). Nonsignificant changes could be observed for breast cancer, gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer. The Egger regression tests provided limited evidence of substantial publication bias. High adherence to a MD is associated with a significant reduction in the risk of overall cancer mortality (10%), colorectal cancer (14%), prostate cancer (4%) and aerodigestive cancer (56%).