Difference in Performance of Fecal Immunochemical Tests with the Same Hemoglobin Cut-off Concentration in a Nationwide Colorectal Cancer Screening Program
Menée auprès de 956 005 personnes participant à un programme organisé de dépistage du cancer colorectal (âge : 50 à 69 ans), cette étude taïwanaise compare, du point de vue du taux de cancer de l'intervalle, la performance de deux tests immunochimiques de recherche de sang occulte dans les selles ayant la même valeur seuil de positivité
Background & Aims : We investigated whether 2 quantitative fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) with the same cut-off concentration of fecal hemoglobin perform equivalently in identifying patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).
Methods : A total of 956,005 Taiwanese subjects, 50–69 years old, participated in a nationwide colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program to compare results from 2 FITs; 78% were tested using the OC-Sensor (n=747,076; Eiken Chemical Co, Tokyo, Japan) and 22% were tested using the HM-Jack (n=208,929; Kyowa Medex Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan), from 2004 through 2009. The cut-off concentration for a positive finding was 20
μg hemoglobin/g feces, based on a standardized reporting unit system. The tests were compared using short-term and long-term indicators of performance.
Results
:
The OC-Sensor test detected CRC in 0.21% of patients, with a positive predictive value of 6.8%. The HM-Jack test detected CRC in 0.17% of patients, with a positive predictive value of 5.2%. The rate of interval cancer rate was 30.7/100,000 person-years among subjects receiving the OC-Sensor test and 40.6/100,000 person-years among those receiving the HM-Jack test; there was significant difference in test sensitivity (80% vs 68%, P=.005) that was related to the detectability of proximal CRC. After adjusting for differences in city/county, age, sex, ambient temperature, and colonoscopy quality, significant differences were observed between the tests in the positive predictive value for cancer detection (adjusted relative risk, 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.14
–1.46) and the rates of interval cancer (0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.62–0.92). Although each test was estimated to reduce CRC mortality by approximately 10%, no significant difference in mortality was observed when the two groups were compared.
Conclusions : Different brands of quantitative FITs, even with the same cut-off hemoglobin concentration, perform differently in mass screening. Population-level data should be gathered to verify the credibility of quantitative laboratory findings.
Gastroenterology , résumé, 2013