Acute myeloid leukemia ontogeny is defined by distinct somatic mutations
A partir d'échantillons prélevés sur 194 patients atteints d'une leucémie myéloïde aiguë s'étant développée après une première leucémie ou après un traitement leucémogène (LMA secondaire) et sur 105 patients atteints d'une LMA sans antécécent identifié, cette étude identifie un ensemble de mutations de gènes en association avec une LMA secondaire
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) can develop following an antecedent myeloid malignancy (secondary AML; s-AML), following leukemogenic therapy (therapy-related AML; t-AML), or without an identifiable prodrome or known exposure (de novo AML). The genetic basis of these distinct pathways of AML development has not been determined. We performed targeted mutational analysis of 194 patients with rigorously defined s-AML or t-AML and 105 unselected AML patients. The presence of a mutation in SRSF2, SF3B1, U2AF1, ZRSR2, ASXL1, EZH2, BCOR, or STAG2 was >95% specific for the diagnosis of s-AML. Analysis of serial samples from individual patients revealed that these mutations occur early in leukemogenesis and often persist in clonal remissions. In t-AML and elderly de novo AML populations, these alterations define a distinct genetic subtype that shares clinicopathologic properties with clinically confirmed s-AML and highlights a subset of patients with worse clinical outcomes, including a lower CR rate, more frequent re-induction, and decreased event-free survival.