Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids in Blood and Breast Tissue of High-Risk Women and Association with Atypical Cytomorphology
Menée à partir d'échantillons de tissu mammaire prélevés de façon aléatoire par ponction périaréolaire à l'aiguille fine sur 70 femmes à risque élevé de cancer du sein et menée à partir d'échantillons sanguins et de questionnaires, cette étude évalue l'association entre le rapport sérique des acides gras oméga-3 et oméga-6 et la présence d'une atypie cytologique, un indicateur associé au risque de cancer du sein à court terme
The ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids, especially the long-chain eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to arachidonic acid (AA) ratio, is inversely associated with breast cancer risk. We measured the association between cytologic atypia, a biomarker for short-term risk of breast cancer development, and omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acid intake and levels in blood and breast tissue. Blood and benign breast tissue, sampled by random periareolar fine needle aspiration (RPFNA), was obtained from 70 women at elevated risk for breast cancer. Self-reported dietary intake was assessed by the National Cancer Institute's Food Frequency Questionnaire. The fatty acid composition of five lipid compartments, red blood cell, plasma and breast phospholipids (PLs) and plasma and breast triaclyglycerides (TAGs), were analyzed by gas chromatography as weight percent. Median daily intakes of EPA+DHA and total omega-3 fatty acids were 80 mg and 1.1 g, respectively. The median total omega-3:6 intake ratio was 1:10. Compared to women without atypia, those with cytologic atypia had lower total omega-3 fatty acids in red blood cell and plasma PLs and lower omega-3:6 ratios in plasma TAGs and breast TAGs (p<0.05). The EPA+DHA:AA ratio in plasma TAGs was also lower among women with atypia. This is the first report of associations between tissue levels of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and a reversible tissue biomarker of breast cancer risk. RPFNA cytomorphology could serve as a surrogate endpoint for breast cancer prevention trials of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation.
Cancer Prevention Research , résumé, 2015