Induction of vasculogenic mimicry overrides VEGF-A silencing and enriches stem-like cancer cells in melanoma
Menée à l'aide de xénogreffes de mélanome, cette étude met en évidence des mécanismes par lesquels un traitement anti-angiogénique est susceptible de favoriser le développement de cellules souches cancéreuses
The basis for resistance to VEGF inhibition is not fully understood despite its clinical importance. In this study, we examined the adaptive response to VEGF-A inhibition by a loss-of-function analysis using plasmid-based shRNA. Tumor xenografts that initially responded to VEGF-A inhibition underwent an adaptation in vivo leading to acquired resistance. VEGF-A blockade in tumors was associated with HIF-1α expression and an increase in CD144+ vasculogenic mimicry (VM), leading to formation of channels displaying Tie-1 and MMP-2 upregulation. CD133+ and CD271+ melanoma stem-like cells (MSLC) accumulated in the perivascular niche. Tumor xenografts of melanoma cell populations that were intrinsically resistant to VEGF-A blockade did not exhibit any of these features, compared to non-target control counterparts. Thus, melanomas which are initially sensitive to VEGF-A blockade acquire adaptive resistance by adopting VM as an alternate angiogenic strategy, thereby enriching for deposition of MSLC in the perivascular niche through a HIF-1α-dependent process. Conversely, melanomas which are intrinsically resistant to VEGF-A blockade do not show any evidence of compensatory survival mechanisms that promote MSLC accumulation. Our work highlights the potential risk of anti-VEGF treatments owing to a selective pressure for an adaptive resistance mechanism that empowers the development of stem-like cancer cells, with implications for how to design combination therapies that can improve outcomes in patients.