Chronic diseases, medical history and familial cancer, and risk of leukemia and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in an adult population: a case–control study
Menée en Italie auprès de 294 cas et 279 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre des maladies chroniques, une histoire familiale de cancer et le risque de leucémie ou de lymphome non hodgkinien chez l'adulte
Purpose : This investigation was aimed at evaluating the association between chronic diseases, medical history and familial cancer, and the risk of developing hematological malignancies. Methods : Data were drawn from a population-based case–control study carried out to assess the risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and leukemia in an adult population exposed to environmental air pollution in Northern Italy. Each case was classified according to the WHO ICD-O-3 classification. Statistical analyses were performed by multivariable unconditional logistic regression in 573 interviewed subjects (199 lymphoid cases, 95 myeloid cases, and 279 healthy controls). Results : Lymphoid malignancies were associated with a history of gastroduodenal ulcer (OR 2.1, 95 % CI 1.2–3.6), rheumatoid arthritis (OR 4.4, 95 % CI 1.3–19.0), anemia (OR 3.3, 95 % CI 1.2–9.3), cholecystectomy (OR 2.9, 95 % CI 1.0–8.0), heavy diagnostic X-ray exposure (OR 2.1, 95 % CI 1.3–3.7), and a familial risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (OR 10.1, 95 % CI 1.3–458). Myeloid malignancies were associated with non-neoplastic thyroid diseases (OR 6.2, 95 % CI 1.7–35.6) and anemia (OR 6.8, 95 % CI 2.0–23.1). Subgroup analysis highlighted an excess risk of MALT in patients with gastroduodenal ulcer (OR 5.3, 95 % CI 1.04–23.7) and of AML in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (OR 6.9, 95 % CI 1.2–38.1), and of MDS in subjects exposed to heavy diagnostic X-ray (OR 3.4, 95 % CI 1.03–11.2) when the analysis was restricted to irradiation of pelvis, abdomen, or thorax. Conclusions : Most observed associations confirm results from previous studies. The higher risk of lymphoid malignancies among patients with a history of cholecystectomy needs further investigations.