The status of PD-L1 and tumor-infiltrating immune cells predict resistance and poor prognosis in BRAFi-treated melanoma patients harboring mutant BRAFV600
Menée sur 80 patients atteints d'un mélanome métastatique présentant la mutation V600E du gène BRAF et traité à l'aide d'un inhibiteur de BRAF (vémurafénib ou dabrafénib), cette étude suggère l'intérêt d'analyser l'expression de PD-L1 et la densité des cellules mononucléaires inflitrant les tumeurs pour prédire la réponse thérapeutique
Background : BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) improve survival in metastatic melanoma patients (MMP) but the duration of clinical benefit is limited by development of drug resistance. Here, we investigated whether the expression of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) and the density of tumor-infiltrating mononuclear cells (TIMC) predict the occurrence of resistance, hence affecting the clinical outcome in BRAFi-treated MMP.
Methods : PD-L1 expression (cut-off 5%) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry with two different antibodies in BRAFV600 mutated formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded samples from 80 consecutive MMP treated with BRAFi at a single institution. TIMC were evaluated by conventional haematoxylin and eosin staining.
Results : Forty-six and 34 patients received vemurafenib and dabrafenib, respectively. Membraneous expression of PD-L1 was detected in 28/80 (35%) of patients. At multivariate analysis, absence of tumoral PD-L1 staining (OR 10.8, 95% CI 2.7-43.3, P<0.001) and the presence of TIMC (OR 6.5, 95% CI 1.7–24.3, P<0.005) were associated with a better response to treatment. Median progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 10 and 15 months, respectively. By multivariate assessment, PD-L1 expression (HR 4.3, 95% CI 2.1-8.7, P<0.0001) and absence of TIMC (HR 2.5, 95% CI 1.4-4.7, P<0.002) correlated with shorter PFS. PD-L1 overexpression (HR 6.2, 95% CI 2.8-14.2, P<0.0001) and absence of TIMC (HR 3.1, 95% CI 1.5-6.5, P<0.002) were independent prognostic factors for melanoma-specific survival.
Conclusion : Our results provide the first proof-of-principle evidence for the predictive and prognostic relevance of PD-L1 immunohistochemical expression and density of immune cell infiltration in BRAFV600 mutated MMP treated with BRAFi.
Annals of Oncology , résumé, 2015