Association of very low prostate-specific antigen levels with increased cancer-specific death in men with high-grade prostate cancer
Menée à partir des données des registres américains des cancers portant sur 328 904 patients atteints d'un cancer de la prostate de stade T1 (cT1)-4N0M0 diagnostiqué entre 2004 et 2010 (durée médiane de suivi : 38 mois), cette étude évalue l'association entre un niveau sérique du PSA très faible (taux inférieur ou égal à 4 ng/ml) et une augmentation de la mortalité spécifique chez les patients présentant une tumeur de haut grade (score de Gleason supérieur ou égal à 8)
BACKGROUND : The objective of this study was to determine whether a very low presenting prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was associated with greater prostate cancer–specific mortality (PCSM) among men with a Gleason score (GS) of 8 to 10.
METHODS : The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program was used to identify 328,904 men diagnosed with clinicalT1 (cT1)-4N0M0 prostate cancer between 2004 and 2010. A multivariate Fine-Gray competing risks regression analysis was used to determine PCSM as a function of the PSA level (≤2.5, 2.6-4, 4.1-10, 10.1-20, 20.1-40, or > 40 ng/mL) and GS (8-10 vs ≤ 7).
RESULTS : The median follow-up was 38 months. Among men with GS 8-10 disease, with a PSA level of 4.1 to 10 ng/mL as the referent, the adjusted hazard ratio for PCSM for men was 2.15 with a PSA level ≤ 2.5 ng/mL (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65-2.79; P < .001), 1.60 with a PSA level of 2.6 to 4 ng/mL (95% CI, 1.22-2.10; P = .001), 1.60 with a PSA level of 10.1 to 20 ng/mL (95% CI, 1.41-1.82; P < .001), 2.08 with a PSA level of 20.1 to 40 ng/mL (95% CI, 1.81-2.38; P < .001), and 3.23 with a PSA level > 40 ng/mL (95% CI, 2.85-3.65; P < .001). This suggested a U-shaped distribution. There was a significant interaction between the PSA level and GS (Pinteraction < .001) such that only a PSA level ≤ 2.5 ng/mL significantly predicted poorer PCSM among patients with GS 8-10 disease.
CONCLUSIONS : Among patients with high-grade disease, patients with PSA levels ≤ 2.5 ng/mL or PSA levels of 2.6 to 4 ng/mL appear to have a higher risk for cancer-specific death in comparison with patients with PSA levels of 10.1 to 20 ng/mL, and this supports the notion that low PSA levels in GS 8-10 disease may be a sign of aggressive and very poorly differentiated or anaplastic low PSA–producing tumors. Patients with low-PSA, GS 8-10 disease should be considered for clinical trials studying the use of chemotherapy and other novel agents for very high-risk prostate cancers.
Cancer , résumé, 2014