Lung cancer risk in welders and foundry workers with a history of heavy smoking in the USA: The National Lung Screening Trial
Mené aux Etats-Unis par questionnaires auprès de 53 454 participants fumeurs, cet essai évalue l'association entre des antécédents d'activité professionnelle dans le secteur de la métallurgie (travaux de soudure ou de fonderie) et le risque de cancer du poumon (2 034 cas)
Objectives : Foundry work is a risk factor for lung cancer; however, the association with welding is unclear, as smoking is common among metalworkers and may mask the relationship. We evaluated whether history of welding and foundry work, independently and jointly, and employment duration were associated with lung cancer risk in heavy smokers. Methods : We analysed data from the National Lung Screening Trial, a prospective randomised trial of 53 454 heavy smokers (>30 pack-years) in the USA. Cox regression models were used to estimate the HRs and 95% CIs of medically/histologically confirmed incident lung cancer during the follow-up period (2002–2009) in relation to history and duration of welding and foundry work assessed via questionnaires, adjusted for screening arm, component study, sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, smoking status and pack-years, body mass index and personal/family medical history. Results: There were 2034 incident lung cancer cases throughout the follow-up. Increasing years of employment in welding (p-trend =0.039) and foundry work (p-trend =0.005) were related to increased lung cancer risk among heavy smokers. Having ever been employed (≥1 yr) as either a welder or foundry worker alone was associated with non-significant increased risks of lung cancer (HR=1.12 (95% CI 0.91 to 1.37) and HR=1.09 (95% CI 0.85 to 1.39), respectively). Further, there was a joint-effect in that those who were ever employed in both occupations had significantly increased risks (HR=1.48 (95% CI 1.08 to 2.04)). Conclusions : Our findings provide further evidence that exposure to welding/metal fumes may be associated with elevated lung cancer risk.Trial registration number NCT00047385.