Beyond first-line non-anthracycline-based chemotherapy for extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma : clinical outcome and current perspectives on salvage therapy for patients after first relapse and progression of disease
Menée à partir de données portant sur 179 patients atteints d'un lymphome extraganglionnaire à cellules NK/T diagnostiqué entre 1997 et 2015 et ayant récidivé ou progressé après un traitement ne comportant pas d'anthracyclines (durée médiane de suivi : 58,6 mois), cette étude multicentrique analyse la survie des patients et l'intérêt, par rapport à d'autres traitements (radiothérapie, chimioradiothérapie, greffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques), d'une chimiothérapie de sauvetage à base de L-asparaginase pour améliorer le pronostic
Background : Current standard treatment, including nonanthracycline-based chemotherapy and optimal combining of radiotherapy, has dramatically improved outcomes of patients with extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) during the last decade. This study was conducted to investigate the clinical outcome of ENKTL patients with relapsed or progressive disease after initial current standard therapy. Patients and methods : We retrospectively reviewed patients diagnosed with ENKTL at six centers in four countries (China, France, Singapore, and South Korea) from 1997-2015 and analyzed 179 patients who had relapsed or progressed after initial current standard therapy. Results : After a median follow-up of 58.6 months (range, 27.9-89.2), the median second progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.1 months (95% CI 3.04-5.16) and overall survival (OS) was 6.4 months (95% CI 4.36-8.51). Multivariate Cox-regression analysis revealed that elevated LDH, multiple extranodal sites (≥ 2), and presence of B symptoms were associated with inferior OS (P < 0.05). OS and PFS were significantly different according to both prognostic index of natural killer lymphoma (PINK) and PINK-E (Epstein-Barr virus) models. Salvage chemotherapy with L-asparaginase (L-Asp)-based regimens showed a significantly better clinical benefit to response rate and PFS, although it did not lead to OS improvement. First use of L-Asp in the salvage setting and L-Asp rechallenge at least 6 months after initial treatment were the best candidates for salvage L-Asp containing chemotherapy. Conclusions : Most patients with relapsed or refractory ENKTL had poor prognosis with short survival. Further studies are warranted to determine the optimal treatment for patients with relapsed or refractory ENKTL.