Systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence for oral nutritional intervention on nutritional and clinical outcomes during chemo(radio)therapy: current evidence and guidance for design of future trials
A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature (11 études), cette méta-analyse évalue l'efficacité des interventions nutritionnelles (conseils alimentaires, supplémentation orale...) sur l'alimentation et l'amélioration de la qualité de vie, chez des patients atteints de cancer pendant une chimiothérapie ou une chimioradiothérapie
BACKGROUND : Driven by reduced intakes and metabolic alterations, malnutrition in cancer patients adversely affects quality of life, treatment tolerance and survival. We examined evidence for oral nutritional interventions during chemo(radio)therapy. DESIGN : We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCT) with either dietary counseling (DC), high-energy oral nutritional supplements (ONS) aiming at improving intakes, or ONS enriched with protein and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) additionally aiming for modulation of cancer-related metabolic alterations. Meta-analyses were performed on body weight (BW) response to nutritional interventions, with subgroup analyses for DC and/or high-energy ONS or high-protein n-3 PUFA-enriched ONS. RESULTS : Eleven studies were identified. Meta-analysis showed overall benefit of interventions on BW during chemo(radio)therapy (+1.31kg, 95% CI 0.24-2.38, P=0.02, heterogeneity Q = 21.1, P=0.007). Subgroup analysis showed no effect of DC and/or high-energy ONS (+0.80kg, 95%CI -1.14-2.74, P=0.32; Q = 10.5, P=0.03), possibly due to limited compliance and intakes falling short of intake goals. A significant effect was observed for high-protein n-3 PUFA-enriched intervention compared to isocaloric controls (+1.89kg, 95%CI 0.51-3.27, P=0.022; Q = 3.1 P=0.37). High-protein, n-3 PUFA-enriched ONS studies showed attenuation of lean body mass loss (N=2 studies) and improvement of some quality of life domains (N=3 studies). Overall, studies were limited in number, heterogeneous, and inadequately powered to show effects on treatment toxicity or survival. CONCLUSION : This systematic review suggests an overall positive effect of nutritional interventions during chemo(radio)therapy on BW. Subgroup analyses showed effects were driven by high-protein n-3 PUFA-enriched ONS, suggesting the benefit of targeting metabolic alterations. DC and/or high-energy ONS were less effective, likely due to cumulative caloric deficits despite interventions. We highlight the need and provide recommendations for well-designed RCT to determine the effect of nutritional interventions on clinical outcomes, with specific focus on reaching nutritional goals and providing the right nutrients, as part of an integral supportive care approach.
Annals of Oncology 2018