The association between sex and most childhood cancers is not mediated by birthweight
Menée aux Etats-Unis à partir de données portant sur 12 632 patients atteints d'un cancer avant l'âge de 14 ans et sur 64 439 témoins, cette étude évalue l'association entre le sexe de l'enfant et le risque de cancer par sous-type, en prenant en compte le poids de naissance (période de suivi : 1970-2014)
Background : Male sex is associated with an increased risk of childhood cancer as is high birthweight. Given that sex determination precedes birthweight we conducted a mediation analysis to estimate the direct effect of sex in association with childhood cancer tumor type with birthweight as the mediator. Methods : Cases (n = 12,632) and controls (n = 64,439) (ages 0–14 years) were identified from population-based cancer and birth registries in Minnesota, New York, and Washington states (1970–2014). An inverse odds weighting (IOW) mediation analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) as the measure of association between sex and cancer. Results : A significant indirect effect was observed for sex and lymphoid leukemia, mediated by birthweight (indirectOR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.02–1.04). We observed significant direct effects for male sex and lymphoid leukemia (directOR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.08–1.25), Hodgkin lymphoma (directOR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.22–1.81), Burkitt lymphoma (directOR: 5.02; 95% CI: 3.40–7.42), other non-Hodgkin lymphoma (directOR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.18–1.70), intracranial embryonal tumors (directOR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.26–1.76), hepatoblastoma (directOR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.40–2.59), and rhabdomyosarcoma (directOR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.19–1.81). There were also inverse associations for extracranial GCTs (directOR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.26–0.63) and thyroid carcinoma (directOR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.25–0.50). Conclusion : Significant direct effects for sex and numerous childhood cancer types suggests sex-specific factors such as differences in gene expression from the autosomes or the X chromosome, rather than birthweight, may underlie sex differences in tumor risk.
Cancer Epidemiology 2018