Apical–basal polarity inhibits epithelial–mesenchymal transition and tumour metastasis by PAR-complex-mediated SNAI1 degradation
Menée in vitro sur des organoïdes de cellules épithéliales humaines et menée à l'aide d'un modèle murin, cette étude met en évidence un mécanisme par lequel le complexe PAR, dans les cellules ayant conservé leur polarité apicale/basale, inhibe la transition épithélio-mésenchymateuse et le développement de métastases en favorisant la dégradation du facteur de transcription SNAI1
Loss of apical–basal polarity and activation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) both contribute to carcinoma progression and metastasis. Here, we report that apical–basal polarity inhibits EMT to suppress metastatic dissemination. Using mouse and human epithelial three-dimensional organoid cultures, we show that the PAR–atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) polarity complex inhibits EMT and invasion by promoting degradation of the SNAIL family protein SNAI1. Under intact apical–basal polarity, aPKC kinases phosphorylate S249 of SNAI1, which leads to protein degradation. Loss of apical–basal polarity prevents aPKC-mediated SNAI1 phosphorylation and stabilizes the SNAI1 protein to promote EMT and invasion. In human breast tumour xenografts, inhibition of the PAR-complex-mediated SNAI1 degradation mechanism promotes tumour invasion and metastasis. Analyses of human breast tissue samples reveal negative correlations between PAR3 and SNAI1 protein levels. Our results demonstrate that apical–basal polarity functions as a critical checkpoint of EMT to precisely control epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity during tumour metastasis.