Anal cancer risk: HPV-based cervical screening programmes
A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en août 2018 (36 études, 13 427 femmes), cette étude évalue, en fonction de la présence d'une infection par le VIH, l'association entre des résultats d'examens de dépistage du cancer du col de l'utérus (résultats cytohistopathologiques, présence d'une infection cervicale par un papillomavirus humain à haut risque oncogène), l'âge des patientes et la présence de lésions épidermoïdes intraépithéliales de haut grade au niveau de l'anus
Similar to cervical cancer, most anal cancers (89–100%) are induced by persistent infections with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), especially HPV16.1 Anal cancer accounts for only 4% of all malignancies of the lower alimentary tract, but its incidence is rising in high-income countries. For the USA, increasing average annual percentage changes of 2·1 for men and 2·9 for women have been reported.2 About 8300 new anal cancer cases are diagnosed in the USA each year, with higher incidence rates in women than in men.3 Similar numbers have been estimated for Europe.4 More than one-third of patients with anal cancer die within 5 years after diagnosis.3 Several risk groups for anal cancer have been identified, such as men who have sex with men, transplant recipients, people with HIV/AIDS, and women with a history of HPV-induced cervical, vaginal, or vulvar cancer.3 The latter group has an increased incidence (three to 22 times) of anal cancer, compared with the general population.3
The Lancet Infectious Diseases , commentaire, 2018