Light to moderate amount of lifetime alcohol consumption and risk of cancer in Japan
Menée au Japon à partir de données 2005-2016 portant sur 63 232 personnes atteintes d'un cancer et sur 63 232 témoins (âge moyen : 69 ans ; 34,7% de femmes), cette étude multicentrique analyse l'association entre la quantité totale d'alcool consommée au cours de la vie et le risque de cancer, en général et par localisation
Background : Even light to moderate alcohol consumption has been shown to increase cancer incidence. However, this association has not been well characterized in Japan. Methods : Based on a nationwide, hospital-based data set (2005-2016), a multicenter case-control study was conducted (63,232 cancer cases and 63,232 controls matched for sex, age, admission date, and admitting hospital). The total amount of lifetime alcohol consumption (drink-years) was recalled for each patient by multiplication of the daily amount of standardized alcohol use (drinks per day) and the duration of drinking (years). Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated for overall and specific cancer sites via conditional logistic regression with restricted cubic splines, with adjustments made for smoking, occupational class, and comorbidities. Lifetime abstainers served as the reference group. Results : Spline curves showed a dose-response association with overall cancer risk: the minimum risk was at 0 drink-years, and the OR at 10 drink-years was 1.05 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.06). In comparison with lifetime abstainers, the OR for >0 to 20 drink-years was 1.06 (95% CI, 1.01-1.11). Those who drank 2 drinks or fewer per day had elevated odds for overall cancer risk across all duration-of-drinking categories. The same patterns were observed at light to moderate levels of drinking for most gastrointestinal/aerodigestive cancers as well as breast and prostate cancers. Analyses stratified by sex, different drinking/smoking behaviors, and occupational class mostly showed the same patterns for overall cancer incidence associated with light to moderate levels of drinking. Conclusions : In Japan, even light to moderate alcohol consumption appears to be associated with elevated cancer risks.
Cancer 2019