Fruit consumption and the risk of bladder cancer: a pooled analysis by the BLadder cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants study
Menée à partir des données de 13 études de cohorte portant sur 535 713 individus au total (durée moyenne de suivi : 11,2 ans), cette étude analyse l'association entre une consommation de fruits et le risque de cancer de la vessie (2 836 cas), par sous-type et en fonction du sexe et du statut tabagique
While the association between fruit consumption and bladder cancer risk has been extensively reported, studies have had inadequate statistical power to investigate associations between types of fruit and bladder cancer risk satisfactorily. Fruit consumption in relation to bladder cancer risk was investigated by pooling individual data from 13 cohort studies. Cox regression models with attained age as time scale were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for intakes of total fruit and citrus fruits, soft fruits, stone fruits, tropical fruits, pome fruits, and fruit products. Analyses were stratified by sex, smoking status, and bladder cancer subtype. During on average 11.2 years of follow-up, 2836 individuals developed incident bladder cancer. Increasing fruit consumption (by 100 gram/day) was inversely associated with the risk of bladder cancer in women (HR=0.92; 95% CI 0.85-0.99). Although in women the association with fruit consumption was most evident for higher-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) (HR=0.72; 95% CI 0.56-0.92), the test for heterogeneity by bladder cancer subtype was non-significant (p-heterogeneity=0.14). Increasing fruit consumption (by 100 gram/day) was not associated with bladder cancer risk in men (HR=0.99; 95% CI 0.94-1.03), never smokers (HR=0.96; 95% CI 0.88-1.05), former smokers (HR=0.98; 95% CI 0.92-1.05), or current smokers (HR=0.95; 95% CI 0.89-1.01). The consumption of any type of fruit was not found to be associated with bladder cancer risk (p-values>0.05). This study supports no evidence that the consumption of specific types of fruit reduces the risk of bladder cancer. However, increasing total fruit consumption may reduce bladder cancer risk in women.