The human microbiome in relation to cancer risk: a systematic review of epidemiological studies
A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en décembre 2019 (124 articles), cette étude analyse le rôle du microbiome dans la carcinogenèse
The microbiome has been hypothesized to play a role in cancer development. Due to the diversity of published data, an overview of available epidemiological evidence linking the microbiome with cancer is now needed. We conducted a systematic review using a tailored search strategy in Medline and EMBASE databases to identify and summarize the current epidemiologic literature on the relationship between the microbiome and different cancer outcomes published until December 2019. One hundred and twenty-four eligible articles were identified. The large diversity of parameters used to describe microbial composition made it impossible to harmonize the different studies in a way that would allow meta-analysis, therefore only a qualitative description of results could be performed. Fifty studies reported differences in the gut microbiome between colorectal cancer patients and various control groups. The most consistent findings were for Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas and Peptostreptococcus being significantly enriched in fecal and mucosal samples from colorectal cancer patients. For the oral microbiome, significantly increased and decreased abundance was reported for Fusobacterium and Streptococcus, respectively, in oral cancer patients compared to controls. Overall, although there was a large amount of evidence for some of these alterations, most require validation in high quality, preferably prospective, epidemiological studies.