Risk Factors for NON-HPV16/18 Cervical Infections and Associated Lesions Among HPV-DNA-Negative Women Vaccinated Against HPV16/18 in the Costa Rica Vaccine Trial (CVT)
Mené au Costa Ricca sur 2 153 jeunes femmes vaccinées contre le papillomavirus humain (âge : 18-25 ans ; durée de suivi : 11 ans), cet essai randomisé évalue les co-facteurs d'acquisition, de persistance et de progression des infections oncogènes non HPV16/18
Factors that lead human papillomavirus (HPV) infections to persist and progress to cancer are not fully understood, especially among vaccinated women. We evaluated co-factors for acquisition, persistence and progression of non-HPV16/18 infections in a cohort of HPV-vaccinated women.We analyzed 2,153 18-25-year-old women randomized to the HPV-vaccine arm of CVT. Women were HPV-DNA-negative for all types at baseline and followed for ~11 years. Acquisition was a type-specific cervical infection not present/detected at the previously scheduled visit. Persistence was a type-specific incident infection that persisted for ≥1-year with no intervening negatives. Progression of persistent incident infections to CIN2+ was based on histological findings by expert pathologists. GEE methods were used to account for correlated observations. Time-dependent factors evaluated were age, sexual behavior, marital status, hormonal-related factors, number of full-term pregnancies (FTP), smoking behavior, and baseline-BMI.1,777 incident oncogenic non-HPV16/18 infections were detected in 12,292 visits (average 0.14 infections per visit). Age and sexual behavior-related variables were associated with oncogenic non-HPV16/18 acquisition. 26% of incident infections persisted for ≥1-year. None of the factors evaluated were statistically associated with persistence of oncogenic non-HPV16/18 infections. Risk of progression to CIN2+ increased with increasing age (p-trend=0.001), injectable contraceptives use [relative risk 2.61 (95%CI 1.19–5.73) ever vs. never] and increasing FTP (p-trend=0.034).In a cohort of HPV16/18-vaccinated women, age and sexual behavior variables are associated with acquisition of oncogenic non-HPV16/18 infections, no notable factors are associated with persistence of acquired oncogenic non-HPV16/18 infections, and age, parity and hormonally-related exposures are associated with progression to CIN2+.