Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load intake, and risk of lung cancer: A meta-analysis of observational studies
A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en octobre 2021 (9 études, 32 810 patients), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre l'indice glycémique des aliments, la charge glycémique et le risque de cancer du poumon
Objective: This meta-analysis evaluated the relationship between dietary glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and lung cancer risk, which has been controversial in previous studies. Methods: We searched online literature databases such as PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for relevant studies published up to October 2021 in English only. We included case-control and cohort studies that reported relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between dietary GI or GL intake and lung cancer risk. Either a fixed- or random-effects model was used to estimate pooled RRs. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, meta-regression, publication bias test, and dose-response meta-analysis were performed. Results: We identified nine studies eligible for meta-analysis with a total of 32,810 cases and 351,013 controls. The pooled RR for highest versus lowest intake was 1.14 (95% CI: 1.03-1.26, I2=64.8%, p=0.002) for GI and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.84-1.02, I2=42.3%, p=0.076) for GL. Further subgroup analysis showed that the associations between GI or GL and lung cancer were similar between groups. Sensitivity analysis revealed reduced heterogeneity among GL-related studies when one particular study was excluded. There was no evidence of publication bias. A linear association between GI intake and lung cancer risk was observed. Conclusions: The present meta-analysis of observational studies suggests that high dietary GI intake is associated with a significantly increased risk of lung cancer in a linear fashion. However, no significant association was observed between GL and lung cancer risk.