Cancer effects of low to moderate doses of ionising radiation in young people with cancer predisposing conditions: A systematic review
A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en décembre 2020 (15 articles), cette étude identifie des facteurs de prédisposition au risque de cancer radio-induit chez les patients exposés avant l'âge de 25 ans
Moderate to high doses of ionising radiation (IR) are known to increase risk of cancer, particularly following childhood exposure. Concerns remain regarding risks from lower doses and the role of cancer predisposing factors (CPFs) (genetic disorders, immunodeficiency, mutations/variants in DNA damage detection or repair genes) on radiation-induced cancer (RIC) risk. We conducted a systematic review of evidence that CPFs modify RIC risk in young people. Searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE for epidemiological studies of cancer risk in humans (<25 years) with a CPF, exposed to low-moderate IR. Risk of bias was considered. Fifteen articles focusing on leukaemia, lymphoma, breast, brain, and thyroid cancer were included. We found inadequate evidence that CPFs modify the risk of radiation-induced leukemia, lymphoma, brain/CNS, and thyroid cancers and limited evidence that BRCA mutations modify radiation-induced breast cancer risk. Heterogeneity was observed across studies regarding exposure measures and numbers of subjects with CPFs other than BRCA mutations were very small. Further studies with more appropriate study designs are needed to elucidate the impact of CPFs on RIC. They should focus either on populations of carriers of specific gene mutations or on common susceptible variants using polygenic risk scores.