Associations of the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index with High Risk of Prostate Cancer: A cross-sectional study
Menée à l'aide de données d'une enquête réalisée sur la période 2001-2010 auprès de 7 396 hommes âgés d'au moins 40 ans, cette étude analyse l'association entre l'état nutritionnel, évalué à l'aide de l'indice de risque nutritionnel gériatrique, et le risque de cancer de la prostate
Background: The geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) has been used as an effective tool to assess the nutritional status of the elderly. However, the relationship between GNRI and prostate cancer (PCa) risk remains uncertain in middle-aged and older males. Methods: Data for this study were obtained from 7,396 males aged 40 years and older of the 2001-2010 National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES). We obtained the total and free prostate-specific antigen (tPSA and fPSA) and calculated the percentage free PSA (%fPSA) and the GNRI. Participants with %fPSA greater than 25% and tPSA less than 4.0 ng/ml were defined as high PCa risk. The relationship between the GNRI and serum PSA levels was investigated using a linear regression model. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association between the GNRI and PCa risk were estimated by a logistic regression model. The nonlinear relationship was also characterized by a restricted cubic spline regression (RCS) model. Results: The median of tPSA, fPSA, and %fPSA was 0.90 ng/mL, 0.26 ng/mL, and 29.00%, respectively. The mean of GNRI was 29.00. The proportion of participants in low PCa risk and high PCa risk was 93.05% and 6.95%, respectively. In all models, there is a negative and linear correlation between the GNRI and serum tPSA and fPSA levels. However, no association between the GNRI and the %fPSA was observed. In the adjusted model, lower GNRI was associated with higher PCa risk (OR [95%CI]: 0.570 [0.415, 0.784], Ptrend=0.001). The RCS model showed a nonlinear and negative association between the GNRI and PCa risk (P for nonlinearity = 0.020), with inflection points of 109.148. Conclusion: The result of this paper suggests that nutritional status, as represented by GNRI, is associated with the risk of PCa.