Dietary fish and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption, and renal cell carcinoma risk in Japan: The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study
Menée au Japon par questionnaire auprès de 84 063 personnes (durée de suivi : 1 272 298 personnes-années ; âge : 45-74 ans), cette étude analyse l'association entre la consommation de poisson, d'acides gras oméga 3 et le risque de carcinome à cellules rénales (262 cas)
Background: Previous epidemiological studies found inconsistent associations between fish consumption and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Although the consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) was reported to protect against the development of some types of cancer, little is known regarding its association with RCC. Methods: We investigated the association between fish and n-3 PUFA consumption and RCC risk using the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. We examined data from 84,063 eligible Japanese participants aged 45–74 years who responded to a validated food frequency questionnaire for Cohort I in 1995 and Cohort II in 1998. The participants were followed-up until 2013. HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard model, and the exposure level was categorized into quartiles. Results: Among the 1,272,298 person-years of follow-up, 262 cases of newly diagnosed RCC were identified. The multivariate-adjusted HRs for the highest vs. lowest quartile of fish, including shellfish, were [HR=1.43, 95% CI (0.98–2.07)] and the individual marine n-3 PUFAs were [HR=1.56, 95% CI (1.07–2.28) Ptrend=0.09] for eicosapentenoic acid, [HR=1.81, 95% CI (1.27–2.59) Ptrend=0.01] for docosapentaenoic acid, and [HR=1.56, 95% CI (1.07–2.27) Ptrend=0.09] for docosahexaenoic acid. RCC were further categorized based on diagnosis methods and cancer stage, and the positive correlation did not change substantially. Conclusion: We demonstrated that high consumption of n-3PUFA is associated with RCC risk. Impact: The positive association between n-3 PUFA and RCC risk was observed in Japanese who consume higher amounts of fish than Western populations.