Erdafitinib or Chemotherapy in Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma
Mené sur 266 patients atteints d'un carcinome urothélial de stade avancé ou métastatique et présentant des altérations au niveau des gènes FGFR3/2 (durée médiane de suivi : 15,9 mois), cet essai de phase III compare l'efficacité, du point de vue de la survie globale, et la toxicité de l'erdafitinib (un inhibiteur de FGFR) et d'une chimiothérapie choisie par le médecin (docétaxel ou vinflunine) après l'échec d'un traitement par anti-PD-1 ou anti-PD-L1
Background: Erdafitinib is a pan–fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor approved for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma in adults with susceptible FGFR3/2 alterations who have progression after platinum-containing chemotherapy. The effects of erdafitinib in patients with FGFR-altered metastatic urothelial carcinoma who have progression during or after treatment with checkpoint inhibitors (anti–programmed cell death protein 1 [PD-1] or anti–programmed death ligand 1 [PD-L1] agents) are unclear. Methods: We conducted a global phase 3 trial of erdafitinib as compared with chemotherapy in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma with susceptible FGFR3/2 alterations who had progression after one or two previous treatments that included an anti–PD-1 or anti–PD-L1. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive erdafitinib or the investigator’s choice of chemotherapy (docetaxel or vinflunine). The primary end point was overall survival. Results: A total of 266 patients underwent randomization: 136 to the erdafitinib group and 130 to the chemotherapy group. The median follow-up was 15.9 months. The median overall survival was significantly longer with erdafitinib than with chemotherapy (12.1 months vs. 7.8 months; hazard ratio for death, 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47 to 0.88; P=0.005). The median progression-free survival was also longer with erdafitinib than with chemotherapy (5.6 months vs. 2.7 months; hazard ratio for progression or death, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.78; P<0.001). The incidence of grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events was similar in the two groups (45.9% in the erdafitinib group and 46.4% in the chemotherapy group). Treatment-related adverse events that led to death were less common with erdafitinib than with chemotherapy (in 0.7% vs. 5.4% of patients). Conclusions: Erdafitinib therapy resulted in significantly longer overall survival than chemotherapy among patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma and FGFR alterations after previous anti–PD-1 or anti–PD-L1 treatment. (Funded by Janssen Research and Development; THOR ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03390504. opens in new tab.)