Traditional Mexican dietary pattern and cancer risk among women of Mexican descent
Menée auprès de 2 343 femmes d'origine mexicaine (âge médian : 59 ans ; durée moyenne de suivi : 14,4 ans), cette étude analyse l'association entre un régime alimentaire mexicain traditionnel et le risque total de cancer (270 cas), le risque de cancer du sein (88 cas) et le risque de cancer colorectal (37 cas)
Purpose: To examine the association of a traditional Mexican diet score with risk of total, breast, and colorectal cancer among women of Mexican ethnic descent in the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI). Methods: Participants were WHI enrollees who self-identified as being of Mexican descent. Data from food frequency questionnaires self-administered at study baseline were used to calculate the MexD score, with higher scores indicating greater adherence to an a priori-defined traditional Mexican diet (high in dietary fiber, vegetables, and legumes). Incident cancers were self-reported by participants from 1993 to 2020 and adjudicated by trained physicians. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Among 2,343 Mexican descent women (median baseline age: 59 years), a total of 270 cancers (88 breast, 37 colorectal) occurred during a mean follow-up of 14.4 years. The highest tertile of MexD score was associated with a lower risk of all-cancer incidence (HR: 0.67; 95% CI 0.49–0.91; p-trend: 0.01) and colorectal cancer (HR: 0.38; 95% CI 0.14–0.998; p-trend < 0.05), with each unit increase in the MexD score associated with a 6% lower risk of all-cancer incidence (HR: 0.94; 95% CI 0.88–0.99). There was no statistically significant association with risk of breast cancer. Conclusion: Consumption of a traditional Mexican diet was associated with a significantly lower risk of all-cancer incidence and colorectal cancer. Confirmation of these findings in future studies is important, given the prevalence of colorectal cancer and a growing U.S. population of women of Mexican descent.