Risk Factors Associated with Gastroenteropancreatic and Lung Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Nested Case-Control Study from The All of Us Research Program
Menée à partir de données américaines 2000-2022 portant sur 2 180 personnes, cette étude identifie des facteurs associés au risque de tumeur neuroendocrine pulmonaire et gastro-entéro-pancréatique
Background: The incidence of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), which arise primarily in lung and gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) tissues, has risen dramatically in the past fifty years. However, the etiology of NETs remains inconclusive.
Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study using data from the All of Us research program (version 7; index dates [2000–2022]) to compare the odds of diagnosed GEP or lung NETs in the presence or absence of various potential risk factors. One case was matched to five controls without cancer diagnoses by age at consent and sex. We used piecewise structural equation modeling to generate effect estimates.
Results: Of 2,180 individuals (including 366 with NETs), most were non-Hispanic White (62.8%) and female (61.0 %). Individuals with a family history of any cancer (odds ratios (OR), 1.43; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.06 to 1.95, P=0.021), a past diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.96, P=0.012) and any immune-mediated disease (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.76, P=0.004) had higher odds of developing GEP or lung NETs.
Conclusions: This study confirms prior evidence in less diverse cohorts that the risk of developing GEP or lung NETs is significantly associated with having a first-degree relative with any cancer or previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.
Impact: Our findings are the first to demonstrate that a pre-existing diagnosis of any immune-mediated disease is a risk factor for developing NETs. Together, our findings suggest that NET development may be influenced by non‐modifiable factors as well as modifiable conditions.
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention , article en libre accès, 2025