Follow-Up of Patients With Complete Remission of Locally Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma After Vismodegib Discontinuation: A Multicenter French Study of 116 Patients
Menée en France à partir de données portant sur 116 patients atteints d'un carcinome basocellulaire de stade localement avancé traité par vismodégib, cette étude rétrospective analyse l'impact, sur la survie sans récidive, le risque de récidive et sur les statégies thérapeutiques après récidive, de l'arrêt du traitement anticancéreux
PURPOSE : Vismodegib is a hedgehog pathway inhibitor indicated for the treatment of locally advanced basal cell carcinoma (laBCC), with an objective response rate of 65%, including a 32% complete response (CR). However, adverse effects often lead to drug discontinuation. The objective of our study was to evaluate long-term responses, predictive factors, and management of relapse after vismodegib discontinuation. METHODS : An observational retrospective study was conducted in nine French oncodermatology units. We included patients with laBCC with CR on vismodegib who discontinued treatment between March 2012 and January 2016; we reviewed charts up to June 2016. The primary objective was to evaluate median relapse-free survival (RFS). Secondary objectives were risk factors associated with RFS, relapse, and death and treatment modalities after relapse and their efficacy. RESULTS : One hundred sixteen patients with laBCC were included. The median RFS was 18.4 months (95% CI, 13.5 to 24.8 months). The RFS rate at 36 months was 35.4% (95% CI, 22.5% to 47.9%) for the total population and 40.0% (95% CI, 25.7% to 53.7%) for patients without Gorlin syndrome. LaBCC to the limbs and trunk was the only variable independently associated with a higher risk of relapse (hazard ratio, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.23 to 6.22; P = .019). Twenty-seven patients (50%) who experienced relapse during follow-up were retreated with vismodegib, with an objective response in 23 (objective response rate, 85%; CR rate, 37%; partial response rate, 48%) and eligibility for surgery in 24 (42%). CONCLUSION : Long-term response after vismodegib discontinuation is frequent. Most patients who experience a relapse still respond to vismodegib rechallenge.