First-line BRAF/MEK inhibitors versus anti-PD-1 monotherapy in BRAFV600-mutant advanced melanoma patients: a propensity-matched survival analysis
Menée aux Pays-Bas à partir de données portant sur 330 et 254 patients atteints d'un mélanome de stade avancé présentant la mutation V600 du gène BRAF et diagnostiqué entre 2014 et 2017, cette étude compare l'efficacité, du point de vue de la survie globale à 2 ans, d'un anti-PD-1 en monothérapie et d'inhibiteurs de BRAF/MEK en traitement de première ligne
Background : Anti-PD-1 antibodies and BRAF/MEK inhibitors are the two main groups of systemic therapy in the treatment of BRAFV600-mutant advanced melanoma. Until now, data are inconclusive on which therapy to use as first-line treatment. The aim of this study was to use propensity score matching to compare first-line anti-PD-1 monotherapy vs. BRAF/MEK inhibitors in advanced BRAFV600-mutant melanoma patients. Methods : We selected patients diagnosed between 2014 and 2017 with advanced melanoma and a known BRAFV600-mutation treated with first-line BRAF/MEK inhibitors or anti-PD-1 antibodies, registered in the Dutch Melanoma Treatment Registry. Patients were matched based on their propensity scores using the nearest neighbour and the optimal matching method. Results : Between 2014 and 2017, a total of 330 and 254 advanced melanoma patients received BRAF/MEK inhibitors and anti-PD-1 monotherapy as first-line systemic therapy. In the matched cohort, patients receiving anti-PD-1 antibodies as a first-line treatment had a higher median and 2-year overall survival compared to patients treated with first-line BRAF/MEK inhibitors, 42.3 months (95% CI: 37.3-NE) vs. 19.8 months (95% CI: 16.7–24.3) and 85.4% (95% CI: 58.1–73.6) vs. 41.7% (95% CI: 34.2–51.0). Conclusions : Our data suggest that in the matched BRAFV600-mutant advanced melanoma patients, anti-PD-1 monotherapy is the preferred first-line treatment in patients with relatively favourable patient and tumour characteristics.